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Footnote

  • An organism is a discrete living thing with a natural life cycle, whereas an organization is a human-made, structured group of people or entities working towards a common goal. While a natural organism grows and evolves organically, an organization is a constructed entity that can be planned, mapped, and managed, though the “organization as an organism” metaphor suggests that successful organizations can exhibit characteristics of living systems, adapting and evolving. 

Organism

  • Definition: A living, individual entity, from microscopic organisms to complex animals. 

Characteristics:

  • Naturally alive and evolving.
  • Characterized by growth, adaptation, and a life cycle.
  • Functionally complex with interdependent parts (cells, tissues, organs) that work together for the organism’s survival and well-being. 

Examples: A single human being, a goldfish, or a colony of ants (often called a superorganism). 

Organization

  • Definition: A deliberately structured group or institution formed to achieve specific objectives. 

Characteristics:

  • A creation of human effort, not a naturally occurring phenomenon.
  • Has a visible structure, hierarchy, and leadership.
  • Can be mapped, planned, and managed, similar to a business or administrative system.
  • Relies on human vision, beliefs, and imagination for its existence and persistence. 

Examples: A company, a church institution, a non-profit, or a government body. 

Key Differences

  • Origin: Organisms are natural; organizations are human constructs. 

Nature: Organisms are living and inherently unpredictable; organizations are typically designed, though they can be complex and adaptive. Purpose: An organism’s purpose is inherent to its existence and survival; an organization’s purpose is defined by its creators and members. 

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